Motorcyclists’ speed and “looked-but-failed-to-see” accidents

Previous research on motorcycle crashes has shown the frequency and severity of accidents in which a non-priority road user failed to give way to an approaching motorcyclist without seeing him/her, even though the road user had looked in the approaching motorcycle's direction and the motorcycle was visible. These accidents are usually called “looked-but-failed-to-see” (LBFS) accidents. This article deals with the effects that the motorcyclist's speed has in these accidents. It is based on the in-depth study and precise kinematic reconstruction of 44 accident cases involving a motorcyclist and another road user, all occurring in intersections. The results show that, in urban environments, the initial speeds of motorcyclists involved in “looked-but-failed-to-see” accidents are significantly higher than in other accidents at intersections. In rural environments, the difference in speed between LBFS accidents and other accidents is not significant, but further investigations would be necessary to draw any conclusions. These results suggest that speed management, through road design or by other means, could contribute to preventing “looked-but-failed-to-see” motorcycle accidents, at least in urban environments.     

浅析南漳县东巩镇煤矿矿区的地质环境与安全

分析南漳县东巩镇煤矿矿区的地质环境导致的不安全因素,减少和控制施工中的危险、有害因素,找到煤矿事故的原因和预防措施,以期达到安全生产的目的.     

Modeling of the mixed potential in hydrogen peroxide-based fuel cells

A one-dimensional mathematical model is developed for the study of the mixed potential associated with the hydrogen peroxide oxidation reaction (HPOR) at the cathode of hydrogen peroxide-based fuel cells. The complicated physicochemical processes, including mass transport, charge transport, and three simultaneous electrochemical reactions (the hydrogen peroxide reduction, hydrogen peroxide oxidation, and oxygen reduction reactions) are considered. The model is experimentally validated and shows good agreement with the literature experimental data. The model is then applied to the study of the mixed potential by varying the current density. It is found that the largest potential loss due to the HPOR occurs under the open-circuit condition (OCC), and the potential loss decreases with the superficial current density. In addition, the numerical results suggest that under the OCC, an increase in the concentrations of hydrogen peroxide and H⁺ ions leads to a decrease in the potential loss, but an increase in the hydrogen peroxide decomposition rate and the oxygen evolution rate.     

冶金起重机事故分析及安全检验

针对冶金起重机的不安全因素、安全管理混乱、现场使用环境差、安全意识淡薄、人员违章操作等问题,文中通过对一起铸造起重机吊钩断裂造成落物事故原因分析,发现造成事故的关键,提出了相应的预防措施。     

厦门骑楼建筑的火灾预防对策

厦门骑楼作为当地的历史风貌地段，一直备受社会各界人士的青睐。但是，骑楼建筑年代悠久，耐火等级低，抗御火灾能力差，先天就存在安全隐患，属于火灾事故高发区域。本文就厦门骑楼目前消防安全现状及治理对策进行探讨和研究。     

谈工程建设施工伤亡事故的预防

建筑业是伤亡事故多发性行业，每年建筑业施工死亡人数仅次于矿山井下，在全国各行业中居第二位，全国房屋市政工程生产安全事故情况通报印证了这一点。     

黄石市某高层住宅楼火灾分析与加固修复

黄石市某高层住宅楼发生火灾事故,持续约2h,过火范围大,结构受损严重。火灾后,部分楼板板底混凝土崩落、开裂,钢筋外露锈蚀,梁、柱表面混凝土也有部分剥落。经检测,钢筋力学性能、混凝土强度等级仍满足要求。结合检测鉴定报告进行分析,对原结构采用无损拆除及恢复、增大截面法、粘贴碳纤维布等加固修复措施,效果令人满意。     

Review of Japan's power generation scenarios in light of the Fukushima nuclear accident

Following on from the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant accident, the Japanese government is now in the throes of reviewing its power policy. Under continuing policies of economic revival and greenhouse gas reduction, it is crucial to consider scenarios for the country to realize reliable, low‐carbon, and economic electricity systems in the future. On the other hand, the social acceptance of nuclear power will affect the final political decision significantly. Therefore, in the present study, proposed power generation scenarios in Japan in light of the Fukushima accident were reviewed comprehensively from economic, environmental, technological, resource, security, and social perspectives. The review concludes that in Japan, (i) renewable energy mainly solar and wind needs to be developed as fast as possible subject to various constraints, (ii) more gas power plants will be used to absorb the fluctuations of intermittent renewable energy and supply electricity gap, (iii) nuclear power will be reduced in the future, but a 0% nuclear power scenario by 2030 is unlikely to be a reasonable choice on most measures and (iv) the effective communication with the public is vital important. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Uncertainty Analysis for Unprotected Accidents in Sodium-Cooled Fast Reactors

Reactor safety analyses often utilize a deterministic approach where in addition to performing best estimate calculations, uncertainty is accommodated by performing calculations with pessimistic values for input parameters that are important to safety. Here, a stochastic approach is considered for explicitly including uncertainty in safety parameters by applying Monte Carlo sampling coupled with established deterministic reactor safety analysis tools. The Monte Carlo approach yields frequency distributions for reactor safety metrics (e.g., peak temperatures) that can be compared to performance limits, allowing for an improved determination of the safety margin and a clear determination of which safety parameters are most important to the transient response. Because the approach enables the estimation of probabilities for violating safety boundaries, it should be useful in a risk-based regulatory environment. It has the advantage of not requiring any substantial rewriting of existing safety analysis computer codes.     

Reactivity of Monochlorobenzene and Its Derivatives toward Solvated Electrons in Lower Aliphatic Alcohols

Monochlorobenzene and its para- or meta-substituted derivatives were irradiated with -γ-rays in methanol, ethanol and n-propanol containing nitrous oxide to elucidate the reactivities of these organic solutes toward solvated electrons, and also the effect of the substituent for the aromatic nucleus on the reactivities of these solutes. The value of G (N₂) is seen to decrease with increasing concentration of the organic solute. Relative rate constants of these organic solutes toward solvated electrons have been determined from the competition with nitrous oxide by observing the G(N₂) in there systems. Based on the results, the rate constants of the reactions of these derivatives of monochlorobenzene with solvated electrons relative to monochlorobenzene can be related to Hammett's σ function. The ρ value has been observed to be 3.3, 2.1 and 1.8 for methanol, ethanol and n-propanol respectively. The present data, together with that by Sherman⁽¹⁾ for 2-propanol, indicates that the ρ value is correlated linearly to the dielectric constant of the solvent. Some discussions are presented on the results thus obtained.